Maintenance conditions for electric vehicles in winter

1. Prevent over-discharge After the battery is discharged to the termination voltage, continuing to discharge is called over-discharge. Over-discharge will seriously damage the battery, which is extremely detrimental to the electrical performance and cycle life of the battery. When the battery is discharged to the final voltage, the internal resistance is large, and the electrolyte concentration is very thin, especially the plate hole and surface are almost neutral. The internal resistance tends to heat up during over-discharge, and the volume expands. When the discharge current is large, it heats up obviously. (Even heat deformation occurs). At this time, the lead sulfate concentration is particularly high, and the possibility of survival of the crystal branch short circuit increases. Moreover, lead sulfate will crystallize into larger particles at this time, which will form irreversible sulfation, which will further increase the internal resistance. The charging recovery ability is very poor, and it cannot even be repaired. The battery should be prevented from over-discharge when in use, and “under-voltage protection” is an effective measure. In addition, because the 'undervoltage protection' of electric vehicles is controlled by the controller, other devices outside the controller, such as voltmeters, indicator lights and other power-consuming appliances, are directly powered by the battery, and the power supply is generally not controlled. The electric tricycle lock (switch) starts to use electricity as soon as the electric vehicle lock (switch) is closed. Although the current is small, over-discharge will occur if it is discharged for a long time (1~2 weeks). Therefore, do not open the lock for a long time, and turn it off immediately when not in use. 2. Preventing overcharging The overcharging has been described above. Overcharging will increase the water loss of the battery, accelerate the corrosion of the grid, soften the active material, and increase the probability of battery deformation. Overcharge should be avoided as much as possible; the parameters of the charger should be well matched with the battery, and the operating conditions of the battery in the high temperature season and the changes during the entire service life should be fully understood. Do not place the battery in an overheated environment during use, especially away from heat sources when charging. After the battery is heated, cooling measures should be taken, and the battery can be charged only when the temperature of the battery returns to normal. The installation position of the battery should be as good as possible to ensure good heat dissipation. If overheating is found, the charging should be stopped, and the charger and the battery should be checked. When the battery discharge depth is shallow or the ambient temperature is high, the charging time should be shortened. 3. Prevent the short-circuit current of the battery in the short-circuit state, which can reach hundreds of amperes. The stronger the short-circuit contact, the greater the short-circuit current, so all connections will generate a lot of heat, and the weaker links will generate more heat, which will melt the connection and cause a short-circuit phenomenon. The battery may locally produce explosive gas (or the explosive gas accumulated during charging), and sparks will be generated when the connection is fused, which will cause the battery to explode; if the battery is short-circuited for a short time or the current is not particularly large, the connection may not be caused There will be fusing phenomenon, but the short circuit will still cause overheating, which will damage the adhesive around the connecting strip and leave hidden dangers such as liquid leakage. Therefore, the battery must not be short-circuited, and special care should be taken when installing or using it. The tools used should be insulated. The electrical appliances other than the battery should be connected first, and there is no short-circuit after inspection, and finally the battery should be connected. Wiring specifications It should be well insulated to prevent rupture caused by overlapping pressure. 4. Prevent loose and weak connections. If the contact is not firm and the degree is lighter, poor conduction will occur, causing the line contact parts to heat up, the line loss will be large, the output voltage will be low, the motor power will be affected, and the mileage will be reduced or not normal. Riding; if the terminal parts are not firmly contacted (most of the faults are in the terminal and connection joints), the terminal will generate a lot of heat, which will affect the combination of the terminal and the sealant, and leakage will occur over time 'Acid' phenomenon. If the contact is not firm during driving or charging, an open circuit may occur, and strong sparks may occur when the open circuit is opened, which may ignite the explosive gas inside the battery (especially the battery that has just been charged, because the explosive gas in the battery More, and the battery has enough power, the spark is strong when the circuit is broken, and the possibility of explosion is quite large). 6. Don't blindly pursue power. The greater the power of an electric tricycle of the same brand, the stronger the power, but the greater the loss of battery. If there is no special need, it is not recommended to buy high-power electric vehicles, such as 1000w or larger. Because the greater the power, the shorter the relative battery life, and the higher the cost of replacing the battery. 7. In the purchase, pay attention to the trial ride. When buying an electric bike, don't leave after paying the money. Be sure to conduct a trial ride, especially after the car is installed. How comfortable do you feel, whether it is smooth, how tight the brakes are, whether the lights will be on, whether the horn will sound, and so on.
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